高考英语冠词练习-高考冠词考点完全归纳
1.高考英语翻译时什么时候要加定冠词什么时候不用
2.高考英语语法填空常填的虚词(介词、连词、冠词、代词、情态动词)有哪些,能帮我分类列举吗?
3.高考英语词汇: a(an)与one的区别
4.高考英语考点
5.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-何时使用零冠词?
高考英语翻译时什么时候要加定冠词什么时候不用
特殊用法:
什么时候不用冠词
1. 在物质名词,抽象名词前不用冠词
The desk is made of wood.
2. 专有名词前不加冠词
Canada, Beijing ,Lei Feng
3. 名词前有物主代词指示代词,不定代词,名词所有格修饰时
this, my,that, those, these, her
4、月份,星期,季节前不用冠词
Sunday March summer winter
5、在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词
Horses are useful animals.
6、当一个名词用作表语,冈位语补足语来表示某人在当时或现刻的职位或头衔时,前面不用冠词。
He is chairman of the Students’ Union. 他是学生会。
这里指的职位大体是指独一的职位,“”、“主任”都只有一个,如不是独一的要加不定冠词。
She is a teacher of English in our school. 她是我校的一位英语教师
7、在三餐前不用冠词。
breakfast, lunch, supper 如这些词前有形容词修饰可用不定冠词。
I had a good lunch yesterday.
I he breakfast at 7 every day.
8、在球类,棋类名词前不用冠词。
Play football (basketball, Volleyball) chess
※抽象名词,物质名词前不用冠词,但后有定语修饰加the。
He is fond of music.
The music of the film is very beautiful.
高考英语语法填空常填的虚词(介词、连词、冠词、代词、情态动词)有哪些,能帮我分类列举吗?
介词:in , on , at 这三者可以表示时间介词也可以表示地点介词, 还有over , beside等。
连词:and , but , although , 通常连接两个句子的。
冠词: 不定冠词,a , an , 定冠词 the
代词: 分人和物,像he , her , i , you 都是代词,something, everything这些也是代词。
情态动词:
can 表示能力,must 表示必须, should 表示应该, 这些比较经常考。
有其他不懂得可以再追问我。
高考英语词汇: a(an)与one的区别
高考英语词汇:a(an)与one的区别
1. 两者均可表示“一”的意思,有时可互换。如:
About a [one] thousand students attended the meeting. 大约有 1 000 学生参加了会议。(在数字开头时,两者均可用;但若不是数字开头,则应用one,如不可说 three thousand a hundred,而说 three thousand one hundred)
A [One] Mr Smith wants to see you. 一个名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。(a Mr... 与 one Mr... 同义,也可说 a certain Mr...,但如果没有 Mr 这样的词,两者则不宜随便互换,否则含意会发生变化。比较:One John Smith telephoned. 一个名叫约翰·史密斯的人打过电话来。
I wish to become a Newton. 我想成为一个像牛顿那样的人。)
All the prisoners escaped at a [one] stroke. 所有的一下子都逃跑了。(at a stroke 和 at one stroke 均是习语,意为“一下子”、“一举”等。类似地有:at a [one] blow 一下子,一举;at a [one] bound 一跃,一跳;in a [one] word = 一句话,总而言之; be of one [a] mind = 意见一致;not for a [one] moment 绝不,完全不,从不)
2. 尽管两者均可表示“一”,有时也可换用,但毕竟由于两者的词性不同,用法不同,在多数情况下是不能互换的:
(1) 从词性上看:a (an) 是不定冠词,主要表示类别,即着重表示其后的名词是某物,而不是其他物;而 one 表示“一(个)”时是数词,主要表示数量,即强调在数量上是一个,而不是两个或多个。比较:
Give me a dictionary. 给我一本字典。(此处强调的是:我要的是一本字典,而不是一本教材,也不是一本等)
Give me one dictionary. 给我一本字典。(此处强调的是:我要的是一本字典,而不是两本字典或多本字典)
再比较以下一组表达在意义上的区别:
more than a year 一年多 (如一年零三个月等)
more than one year 不止一年 (如两年或三年等)
(2) 由于 one 是数词,着重数量意义,所以当要强调数量、进行数量对比或回答 how many 的提问时,均应用 one,而不能用 a (an)。如:
He has only one pen, but I he two. 他只有一枝钢笔,但我有两枝。
I want one box, not five. 我想要一个盒子,不是要五个。
How many friends do you he here? — Only one. 你在这儿有多少个朋友?—— 只有一个。
(3) 在某些表达中,两者均可用,但含义不同:
at a time 每次,同时 at one time 一度,曾经
as a man 就一个人的性格而论 as one man 一起,同时,全体一致地
在某些表达中,两者均可用,虽含义相同,但表达不同:
on a hot summer afternoon 一个炎热的夏日的下午 (注意用介词 on)
one hot summer afternoon 一个炎热的夏日的下午 (注意不用介词 on)
an hour and a half 一个半小时 (通常不说 one hour and a half)
one and a half hours 一个半小时
a minute or two 一两分钟 (通常不说 one minute or two)
one or two minutes 一两分种
在绝大多数习语中,两者是不能换用的。如:
in a hurry 匆忙 once upon a time 从前
as a result 结果 all of a sudden 突然
one day 一天 one by one 一个一个地
one and all 全部,每个人 one and the same 完全相同的
高考英语考点
识在于积累、学习在于思考
1
2015
年高考英语语法单选超级归纳
一、冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(
a, an
)
,定冠词(
the
)
,和零冠词。
I.
不定冠词的用法
1
指一类人或事,相当于
a kind of
A plane is a machine that can fly.
2
第一次提及某人某物,非特指
A boy is waiting for you.
有个男孩在等你。
3
表示“每一”相当于
every
one
We study eight hours a day.
4
表示“相同”相当于
the same
We are nearly of an age.
5
用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或
事
—
Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—
Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
A.
不填
B. a
C. the
D. one
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
(活雷锋)
6
用于固定词组中
a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, he a walk, many a time
7
用于
quite, rather, many, half, what, such
之后
This room is rather a big one.
8
用于
so(as, too, how)+
形容词之后
She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
9
用于抽象名词具体化的名词前
success(
抽象名词
)
→
a success(
具体化
)
成功的人或事
a failure
失败的人或事
a shame
带来耻辱的人或事
a pity
可惜或遗憾的事
a must
必需必备的事
a good knowledge of
精通掌握某一方面的知识
II.
定冠词的用法
1
表示某一类人或物
In
many
places
in
China,
___
bicycle
is
still
___
popular
means
of
transportation.
A. a; the
B. /; a
C. the; a
D. the; the
2
用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3
表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
Would you mind opening the door?
4
用于演奏乐器
play the violin, play the guitar
5
用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
the reach, the living, the wounded
6
表示“一家人”或“夫妇”
(对比上文的不定冠词用法
5
)
—
Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
—
Sorry, we don’t he ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the
B. the; a
C. /; the
D. the; /
7
用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前
He is the taller of the two children.
8
用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前
the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9
用于表示发明物的单数名词前
The compass was invented in China.
10
在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代
in the 1990’s
(
二十世纪九十年代
)
11
用于表示度量单位的名词前
I hired the car by the hour.
12
用于方位名词,身体部位名词
He patted me on the shoulder.
III.
不用冠词(又名零冠词)的用法
1
专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前
Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2
名词前有
this, my, whose, some, no, each, every
等限制
I want this book, not that one. /
Whose purse is this?
3
季节,月份,星期,节日,一日三餐前
March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4
表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前
Lincoln was made President of America.
5
表示球类,棋类等运动的名词前
He likes playing football/chess.
6
与
by
连用表示交通方式的名词前
We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving
across ______ continent.
A. the; the
B.
不填;
the
C. the;
不填
D.
不填;不填
7
以
and
连接的两个相对的名词并用时
husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
知识在于积累、学习在于思考
2
8
表示泛指的复数名词前
Horses are useful animals.
二、
名词和主谓一致
I.
名词的种类
专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名,团体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
特别注意名词类别的相互转换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
例
句
意
义
名词性质
①
She held some flowers in her hand.
②
The trees are now in flower
花儿
个体名词
开花
抽象名词
①
Youth is beautiful.
②
He is a youth of twenty
青春
抽象名词
年轻人
个体名词
①
They he achieved remarkable success in their work.
②
—
How about the Christmas evening party?
—
I should say it was a success.
成功
抽象名词
成功的事
个体名词
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
例
句
意
义
名词性质
①
Iron is a kind of metal.
②
Please lend me your iron.
铁
物质名词
熨斗
个体名词
①
He broke a piece of glass.
②
He broke a glass.
玻璃
物质名词
玻璃杯
个体名词
①
I bought a chicken this morning
②
Please help yourself to some chicken
小鸡
个体名词
鸡肉
物质名词
抽象名词与个体名词的转换
具有动作意义的抽象名词加用
与某些动词(如:
he
等)连
用,表示某一次短暂的动作
①—
I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please.
—
Well, you could he____word with the manager. He might be helpful
A.some,a
B.an,some
C.some,some
D.an,a
②
They sent us
word of the latest henings.
消息
(抽象名词)
A.a
B.an
C./
D.the
③
Could we he
word before you go to the meeting?
话(个体名词)
A.a
B.an
C./
D.the
类例:
he a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look
take a walk/a bath
make an advance(
进步
)/make an early start(
早点出发
)
/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(
发出痛苦的叫声
) /give a try
表示知识和时间的抽象名词转
换为普通名词时可以用来表示
其中的一部分
①
Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade today.
A.a,
/
B.the, an
C.the, the
D. /, the
a knowledge of truth(
知道实际情况
)
give a fuller knowledge of China(
提供关于中国更为翔实的知识
)
he a knowledge of shorthand(
有速记的知识
)
②
If there were no examination, we should he______at school.
A.the hiest time
B.a more hier time
C.much hiest time
D.a much hier time
③
is money.
A.The time
B.A time
C.Time
D.Times
抽象名词转换为普通名词可用
来表示“一次、一阵、一种”
具体的行为、、现象或结
果。这时名词前往往有形容词
修饰
①
Oh, John. _____you ge me!
A.How a pleasant surprise
B.How pleasant surprise
C.What a pleasant surprise
D. What pleasant surprise
②
She looked up
when I shouted.
A.in a surprise
B.in the surprise
C.in surprise
D.in some surprise
其它例子:
The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We he had some unpleasant surprise
③
It is_____work of art that everyone wants to he a look at it.
A.so unusual
B. such unusual
C.such an unusual
D.so an unusual
II.
名词的数
规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加
-s
或
-es
(参看有关语法书)
。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,请
看下表
规
则
例
词
1
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2
单复数相同
sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species
3
只有复数形式
ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
知识在于积累、学习在于思考
3
4
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, police, cattle, staff
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数
(整体)
也可以作复数
(成
员)
audience,
class,
family,
crowd,
couple,
group,
committee,
,
population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6
复数形式表示特别含义
customs(
海关
),
forces(
军队
),
times(
时代
),
spirits(
情绪
),
drinks(
饮料
),
sands(
沙滩
),
papers(
文件报纸
),
manners(
礼貌
),
looks(
外表
),
brains(
头脑
智力
), greens(
青菜
), ruins(
废墟
)
7
表示
“某国人”
加
-s
Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以
-man
或
-woman
结
尾
的
改
为
-men,-women
Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8
合成名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
women singers, men servants
III.
主谓一致
规则
情
况
举
例
语
法
一
致
原
则
以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语,
动名词短语或从句作主
语时,
谓语动词一般用单数形式;
主语为复数时,
谓语动词
用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
What he said is very important for us all.
由
what
引导的主语从句,
后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,
但若表语是复数或
what
从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构
时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
what I bought were three English books.
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.
由连接词
and
或
both
and
连接起来的主语后面,
要用复数
形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物
时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由
and
连接的并列单数
主
语
前
如
果
分
别
有
no,
each,
every
或
more
than
a
(an)/one,many
a
(an)
修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
either, neither, each, every
或
no+
单数名词和由
some, any no,
every
构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
.
Lucy and Lily are twins
The writer and artist has come.
Every student and every teach is in the classroom.
Many a boy and many a girl likes it.
No boy and no girl likes it.
Each of us has a new book.
Is everyone here today?
Somebody is speaking in class.
Everything around us is matter
若
none
of
后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单
数。若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可
以。
None of the sugar was left.
None of us has (he) been to America.
在定语从句里,关系代词
that, who, which
等作主语时,其
谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.
在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致
It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.
It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式;
如果它指的集体的成员,其谓语动词用复数形式
The police are looking for the lost child.
The cattle are eating grass in the field.
His family has moved to the south .(
他的一家
)
His family are watching TV.
(他的家人)
Class four is on the third floor.
(四班)
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
(四班的学生)
由
a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the
majority
of+
名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数
+
名词构
成的短语作主语时,
其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词
的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
50 percent of the students in our class are girls.
此外,还有
a number of +
复数名词有类似的用法(用复数)
,但
the number of +
复数名词的数就得依
number
而定(用单数)
A number of students he gone to the farm to help the farmer pick
les.
The number of pages in this book is three hundred.
在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
There comes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
Between the two hills stands a monument.
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高考英语语法:高中英语语法-何时使用零冠词?
《高中英语语法-何时使用零冠词?》由留学liuxue86我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
何时使用零冠词?
1. 表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词在句中用作表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或同位语时,其前一般不用冠词。如:
He was President of the Republic at that time. 那时,他是共和国的总统。
2. 在介词后表示抽象概念的名词前一般不用冠词。如:in prison坐牢;at school在学校;at sea出海;go to church做礼拜
We had better send him to hospital at once.
我们最好马上把他送进医院。
3. 为人所熟知的事物前一般不用冠词。如:
There?s no place like home. 任何地方都没有家好。
He has gone into town. 他已经进城去了。
4. 单数可数名词转化为物质名词或抽象名词时,其前一般不用冠词。如:
Do you like rabbit? 你喜欢吃兔肉吗?
She said she cared a lot about face. 她说她很爱面子。
5. 泛指人类或男女时,名词前一般不用冠词。 如:
Man should help and love each other. 人类应该互帮互爱。
Woman has played an important role in modern society.
妇女在现代社会中起着重要的作用。
6. 表示语言或学科名称的名词前一般不用冠词。如:
The girl speaks English fluently.这女孩能讲一口流利的英语。
He is interested in Chemistry. 他对化学感兴趣。
7. 表示季节、月份、日期的名词前一般不用冠词。如:
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
School begins in September. 九月份开学。
8. 某些并列结构前不用冠词。如:
Husband and wife went to the movies yesterday. 夫妇俩昨天去看**了。
9. 某些固定习语中的名词前不用冠词。如:catch fire着火; lose heart丧失信心; by chance偶然地; in fear惊恐地; catch sight of 看见;make use of利用;等等。 《高中英语语法-何时使用零冠词?》由留学liuxue86我整理
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